Design and Engineering of “Green” Nanoemulsions for Enhanced Topical Delivery of Bakuchiol Achieved in a Sustainable Manner: A Novel Eco-Friendly Approach to Bioretinol

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Marta Domżał-Kędzia¹  Marcin Łukaszewicz¹  Agnieszka Lewińska²  Ewa Maciejczyk³  Urszula Bazylińska⁴ 

[1] Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;Laboratory of Nanocolloids and Disperse Systems, Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;

关键词: local delivery;    nanoformulations;    nanomedicine;    supercritical CO₂ extraction;    surfactin;    coco-betaine;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms221810091

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

In the present work, we establish novel “environmentally-friendly” oil-in-water nanoemulsions to enhance the transdermal delivery of bakuchiol, the so-called “bioretinol” obtained from powdered Psoralea corylifolia seeds via a sustainable process, i.e., using a supercritical fluid extraction approach with pure carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂). According to Green Chemistry principles, five novel formulations were stabilized by “green” hybrid ionic surfactants such as coco-betaine—surfactin molecules obtained from coconut and fermented rapeseed meal. Preliminary optimization studies involving three dispersion stability tests, i.e., centrifugation, heating, and cooling cycles, indicated the most promising candidates for further physicochemical analysis. Finally, nanoemulsion colloidal characterization provided by scattering (dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering as well as backscattering), microscopic (transmission electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy), and spectroscopic (UV–Vis spectroscopy) methods revealed the most stable nanocarrier for transdermal biological investigation. In vitro, topical experiments provided on human skin cell line HaCaT keratinocytes and normal dermal NHDF fibroblasts indicated high cell viability upon treatment of the tested formulation with a final 0.02–0.2 mg/mL bakuchiol concentration. This excellent biocompatibility was confirmed by ex vivo and in vivo tests on animal and human skin tissue. The improved permeability and antiaging potential of the bakuchiol-encapsulated rich extract were observed, indicating that the obtained ecological nanoemulsions are competitive with commercial retinol formulations.

【 授权许可】

Unknown