Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency in 1825 Cape Town Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients

Adrian R. Martineau¹  Celeste E. Naude²  Justine Stewart³  Linda-Gail Bekker³  Carmen Delport³  Keren Middelkoop³  Jonathan C. Y. Tang⁴  William D. Fraser⁴  James Nuttall⁵  Robert J. Wilkinson⁶  Anna K. Coussens⁶  Neil Walker⁷  David A. Jolliffe⁷ 

[1] Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK;Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK;

关键词: vitamin D;    prevalence;    South Africa;    children;    cross-sectional;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu14061263

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] <50 nmol/L) is common among adults in Cape Town, South Africa, but studies investigating vitamin D status of children in this setting are lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in 1825 Cape Town schoolchildren aged 6–11 years. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 7.6% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 6.5% to 8.9%). Determinants of vitamin D deficiency included month of sampling (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for July–September vs. January–March 10.69, 95% CI 5.02 to 22.77; aOR for October–December vs. January–March 6.73, 95% CI 2.82 to 16.08), older age (aOR 1.25 per increasing year, 95% CI: 1.01–1.53) and higher body mass index (BMI; aOR 1.24 per unit increase in BMI-for-age Z-score, 95% CI: 1.03–1.49). In a subset of 370 participants in whom parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were measured; these were inversely related to serum 25(OH)D concentrations (p < 0.001). However, no association between participants with hyperparathyroidism (PTH >6.9 pmol/L) and vitamin D deficiency was seen (p = 0.42). In conclusion, we report that season is the major determinant of vitamin D status among Cape Town primary schoolchildren, with prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranging from 1.4% in January–March to 22.8% in July–September.

【 授权许可】

Unknown