Genome-Wide Characterization of WRKY Transcription Factors Revealed Gene Duplication and Diversification in Populations of Wild to Domesticated Barley

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Guangqi Gao¹  Ping Yang¹  Jinhong Kan¹  Qian Gao¹  Qiang He¹  Jun Liu¹  Sunny Ahmar¹  Jing Zhang¹  Congcong Jiang¹ 

[1] Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China;

关键词: barley;    WRKY transcription factors;    diversity;    domestication;    adaptation;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms22105354

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The WRKY transcription factors (WRKYs) are known for their crucial roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses, and developmental and physiological processes. In barley, early studies revealed their importance, whereas their diversity at the population scale remains hardly estimated. In this study, 98 HsWRKYs and 103 HvWRKYs have been identified from the reference genome of wild and cultivated barley, respectively. The tandem duplication and segmental duplication events from the cultivated barley were observed. By taking advantage of early released exome-captured sequencing datasets in 90 wild barley accessions and 137 landraces, the diversity analysis uncovered synonymous and non-synonymous variants instead of loss-of-function mutations that had occurred at all WRKYs. For majority of WRKYs, the haplotype and nucleotide diversity both decreased in cultivated barley relative to the wild population. Five WRKYs were detected to have undergone selection, among which haplotypes of WRKY9 were enriched, correlating with the geographic collection sites. Collectively, profiting from the state-of-the-art barley genomic resources, this work represented the characterization and diversity of barley WRKY transcription factors, shedding light on future deciphering of their roles in barley domestication and adaptation.

【 授权许可】

Unknown