Nutrition and Inflammation in Older Individuals: Focus on Vitamin D, n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Whey Proteins

Nutrients

Giovanna Felis¹  Marcello Maggio²  Sergio Di Nuzzo²  Gian Paolo Ceda²  Carlo Pedrolli³  Giuseppe Benati⁴  Fabrizio Franchi⁵  Tiziana Meschi⁶  Andrea Ticinesi⁶  Fulvio Lauretani⁶  Michela Barichella⁷ 

[1] Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona 37134, Italy;Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy;Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Largo Medaglie d’Oro 9, Trento 38122, Italy;Geriatric Unit, Ospedale G.B. Morgagni–L. Pierantoni, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, Forlì 47121, Italy;Geriatric Unit, “Guglielmo da Saliceto” Hospital, AUSL Piacenza, Via Taverna 49, Piacenza 29121, Italy;Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, Parma 43126, Italy;Parkinson Institute, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale “Gaetano Pini”–C.T.O., Via Bignami 1, Milan 20126, Italy;

关键词: vitamin D;    omega-3;    whey;    casein;    geriatric;    inflammatory markers;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu8040186

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Chronic activation of the inflammatory response, defined as inflammaging, is the key physio-pathological substrate for anabolic resistance, sarcopenia and frailty in older individuals. Nutrients can theoretically modulate this phenomenon. The underlying molecular mechanisms reducing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators have been elucidated, particularly for vitamin D, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and whey proteins. In this paper, we review the current evidence emerging from observational and intervention studies, performed in older individuals, either community-dwelling or hospitalized with acute disease, and evaluating the effects of intake of vitamin D, n-3 PUFA and whey proteins on inflammatory markers, such as C-Reactive Protein (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). After the analysis, we conclude that there is sufficient evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect in aging only for n-3 PUFA intake, while the few existing intervention studies do not support a similar activity for vitamin D and whey supplements. There is need in the future of large, high-quality studies testing the effects of combined dietary interventions including the above mentioned nutrients on inflammation and health-related outcomes.

【 授权许可】

Unknown