Incidence and Risk Factors of COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study in Belgium

Viruses

卷:14

Ruben Brondeel¹  Lucy Catteau¹  Pierre Hubin¹  Veerle Stouten¹  Matthieu Billuart¹  Freek Haarhuis¹  Joris A. F. van Loenhout¹  Herman Van Oyen¹  Chloé Wyndham-Thomas¹  Toon Braeye¹ 

[1] Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;

关键词: vaccination;    SARS-CoV-2;    breakthrough infection;    hybrid immunity;    viral vector vaccines;    mRNA vaccines;   

DOI  :  10.3390/v14040802

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections. We included all persons ≥18 years that had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 for ≥14 days, between 1 February 2021 and 5 December 2021, in Belgium. The incidence of breakthrough infections (laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infections) was determined. Factors associated with breakthrough infections were analyzed using COX proportional hazard models. Among 8,062,600 fully vaccinated adults, we identified 373,070 breakthrough infections with an incidence of 11.2 (95%CI 11.2–11.3)/100 person years. Vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S (HR1.54, 95%CI 1.52–1.56) or ChAdOx1 (HR1.68, 95%CI 1.66–1.69) was associated with a higher risk of a breakthrough infection compared to BNT162b2, while mRNA-1273 was associated with a lower risk (HR0.68, 95%CI 0.67–0.69). A prior COVID-19-infection was protective against a breakthrough infection (HR0.23, 95%CI 0.23–0.24), as was an mRNA booster (HR0.44, 95%CI 0.43–0.45). During a breakthrough infection, those who had a prior COVID-19 infection were less likely to have COVID-19 symptoms of almost all types than naïve persons. We identified risk factors associated with breakthrough infections, such as vaccination with adenoviral-vector vaccines, which could help inform future decisions on booster vaccination strategies. A prior COVID-19 infection lowered the risk of breakthrough infections and of having symptoms, highlighting the protective effect of hybrid immunity.

【 授权许可】

Unknown