How Many Types of Dystonia? Pathophysiological Considerations

Frontiers in Neurology

卷:9

Diane Ruge²  Angelo Quartarone³ 

[1] Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;

[2] Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany;

[3] IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo”, Messina, Italy;

关键词: dystonia;    plasticity;    TMS;    tDCS;    basal ganglia;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fneur.2018.00012

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Dystonia can be seen in a number of different phenotypes that may arise from different etiologies. The pathophysiological substrate of dystonia is related to three lines of research. The first postulate a loss of inhibition which may account for the excess of movement and for the overflow phenomena. A second abnormality is sensory dysfunction which is related to the mild sensory complaints in patients with focal dystonias and may be responsible for some of the motor dysfunction. Finally, there are strong pieces of evidence from animal and human studies suggesting that alterations of synaptic plasticity characterized by a disruption of homeostatic plasticity, with a prevailing facilitation of synaptic potentiation may play a pivotal role in primary dystonia. These working hypotheses have been generalized in all form of dystonia. On the other hand, several pieces of evidence now suggest that the pathophysiology may be slightly different in the different types of dystonia. Therefore, in the present review, we would like to discuss the neural mechanisms underlying the different forms of dystonia to disentangle the different weight and role of environmental and predisposing factors.

【 授权许可】

Unknown