Bisphenols as a Legacy Pollutant, and Their Effects on Organ Vulnerability

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

卷:17

Vinay Kumar¹  Surendra Kumar²  Vijay Kumar³  Yun-Mi Lee³  Jong-Joo Kim³  You-Sam Kim³ 

[1] Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh 758307, Vietnam;

[2] Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;

[3] Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea;

关键词: bisphenols;    endocrine disruptors;    obesity and diabetes mellitus;    hepatic toxicity;    neurotoxicity;    immunotoxicity;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph17010112

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Bisphenols are widely used in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and thermal paper, which are used in manufacturing items of daily use. Packaged foods and drinks are the main sources of exposure to bisphenols. These chemicals affect humans and animals by disrupting the estrogen, androgen, progesterone, thyroid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor functions. Bisphenols exert numerous harmful effects because of their interaction with receptors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell signal alterations. Both cohort and case-control studies have determined an association between bisphenol exposure and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, reproductive abnormalities, obesity, and diabetes. Prenatal exposure to bisphenols results in developmental disorders in animals. These chemicals also affect the immune cells and play a significant role in initiating the inflammatory response. Exposure to bisphenols exhibit age, gender, and dose-dependent effects. Even at low concentrations, bisphenols exert toxicity, and hence deserve a critical assessment of their uses. Since bisphenols have a global influence on human health, the need to discover the underlying pathways involved in all disease conditions is essential. Furthermore, it is important to promote the use of alternatives for bisphenols, thereby restricting their uses.

【 授权许可】

Unknown