Unveiling the Toxicity of Fine and Nano-Sized Airborne Particles Generated from Industrial Thermal Spraying Processes in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

卷:23

Sónia Fraga¹  Maria João Bessa¹  Fátima Brandão¹  João Paulo Teixeira¹  Eliseo Monfort²  Apostolos Salmatonidis³  Mar Viana³  Flemming R. Cassee⁴  Paul H. B. Fokkens⁴  A. John F. Boere⁴  Daan L. A. C. Leseman⁴ 

[1] Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal;

[2] Institute of Ceramic Technology (ITC), Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castellón, Spain;

[3] Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;

[4] National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), 3721 Bilthoven, The Netherlands;

关键词: A549 cells;    cell cycle;    cytotoxicity;    DNA damage;    in vitro toxicity;    incidental nanoparticles;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms23084278

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

High-energy industrial processes have been associated with particle release into workplace air that can adversely affect workers’ health. The present study assessed the toxicity of incidental fine (PGFP) and nanoparticles (PGNP) emitted from atmospheric plasma (APS) and high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate (WST-1) metabolisation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, cell cycle changes, histone H2AX phosphorylation (γ-H2AX) and DNA damage were evaluated in human alveolar epithelial cells at 24 h after exposure. Overall, HVOF particles were the most cytotoxic to human alveolar cells, with cell viability half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 20.18 µg/cm² and 1.79 µg/cm² for PGFP and PGNP, respectively. Only the highest tested concentration of APS-PGFP caused a slight decrease in cell viability. Particle uptake, cell cycle arrest at S + G₂/M and γ-H2AX augmentation were observed after exposure to all tested particles. However, higher levels of γ-H2AX were found in cells exposed to APS-derived particles (~16%), while cells exposed to HVOF particles exhibited increased levels of oxidative damage (~17% tail intensity) and ROS (~184%). Accordingly, APS and HVOF particles seem to exert their genotoxic effects by different mechanisms, highlighting that the health risks of these process-generated particles at industrial settings should not be underestimated.

【 授权许可】

Unknown