The Tropical Atlantic Observing System

Frontiers in Marine Science

卷:6

B. Bourlès¹  W. E. Johns²  J. O. Schmidt³  T. Lee⁴  R. B. de Souza⁴  A. Lazar⁴  C. Robinson⁵  L. Yu⁶  F. E. Asuquo⁷  E. Mohino⁸  A. T. Gaye⁹  R. Wanninkhof⁹  A. Conchon¹⁰  P. Lehodey¹⁰  N. Lefevre¹¹  C. Perruche¹²  J. López-Parages¹⁴  L. Cotrim Da Cunha¹⁵  N. Keenlyside¹⁶  V. Garcon¹⁷  H. Giordani¹⁸  M. J. McPhaden¹⁸  P. Castellanos¹⁹  P. Dandin²⁰  A. Storto²¹  C. Schmid²²  Y. Xue²²  N. U. Benson²³  H. C. Nnamchi²⁴  M. Martín-Rey²⁴  E. Remy²⁵  C. M. Patricola²⁶  M. N. Hounkonnou²⁷  P. Poli²⁹  E. Sánchez-Gómez³⁰  S. Illig³⁰  S. Speich³¹  J. Trotte Duhá³²  T. Losada³³  R. Laxenaire³⁴  N. Reul³⁵  J. N. Moum³⁶  P. Zuidema³⁶  V. Hatje³⁷  T. Dorrington³⁸  F. Gasparin³⁹  I. Richter⁴⁰  P. Nobre⁴¹  I. Polo⁴¹  S. A. Grodsky⁴¹  P.-A. Monerie⁴¹  F. Hernandez⁴²  M. Araujo⁴²  R. R. Rodrigues⁴³  M. Drévillon⁴⁴  R. Hummels⁴⁴  J. Karstensen⁴⁴  J. Hahn⁴⁴  M. Dengler⁴⁴  B. Rodríguez-Fonseca⁴⁶  P. Brandt⁴⁷  J. F. Lübbecke⁴⁷  P. Chang⁴⁸  R. C. Perez⁴⁹  A. Sutton⁴⁹  M. Goes⁴⁹  G. R. Foltz⁴⁹  R. Lumpkin⁴⁹ 

[1] 0Centre IRD de Bretagne, Technopole Pointe du Diable, Plouzané, France;

[2] 0Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), London, United Kingdom;

[3] 0Kiel Marine Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany;

[4] 0Mercator Ocean, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France;

[5] 1College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States;

[6] 1Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States;

[7] 1Faculty of Oceanography, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria;

[8] 1JPL, NASA, Pasadena, CA, United States;

[9] 2Center for Weather Forecast and Climate Studies – CPTEC, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil;

[10] 2Collecte Localisation Satellites, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France;

[11] 2LOCEAN-IPSL, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France;

[12] 2School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom;

[13] 3Department of Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&

[14] 3ESP, University Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon Fongang, Dakar, Senegal;

[15] 3Faculdade de Oceanografia, BrOA, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;

[16] 3Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;

[17] 4Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway;

[18] 4NOAA/PMEL, Seattle, WA, United States;

[19] 4National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom;

[20] 4Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China;

[21] 5Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy;

[22] 5Direction de la Recherche, Météo-France, Toulouse, France;

[23] 5MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal;

[24] 5UMR5318 CECI CNRS-CERFACS, Toulouse, France;

[25] 6Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE), La Spezia, Italy;

[26] 6Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States;

[27] 6Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria;

[28] 6NOAA/NCEP Climate Prediction Center, College Park, MD, United States;

[29] 7Center for Marine Meteorology, Météo-France, Brest, France;

[30] 7LEGOS, CNRS/IRD/UT/CNES, Toulouse, France;

[31] 7LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ. Paris 06), CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France;

[32] 7Research Laboratory of Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin;

[33] 8Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa;

[34] 8Directorate General for Science, Technology and Nuclear Development of the Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;

[35] 8Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS, ENS, UMR Ecole Polytech 8539, Paris, France;

[36] 8Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States;

[37] 9CIEnAm, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil;

[38] 9CIMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States;

[39] 9Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States;

[40] Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan;

[41] Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;

[42] Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil;

[43] Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil;

[44] GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany;

[45] IRD, LEGOS, Mercator Océan, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France;

[46] Instituto de Geociencias IGEO, UCM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain;

[47] Kiel University, Kiel, Germany;

[48] M University, College Station, TX, United States;

[49] NOAA/AOML, Miami, FL, United States;

关键词: tropical Atlantic Ocean;    observing system;    weather;    climate;    hurricanes;    biogeochemistry;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmars.2019.00206

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The tropical Atlantic is home to multiple coupled climate variations covering a wide range of timescales and impacting societally relevant phenomena such as continental rainfall, Atlantic hurricane activity, oceanic biological productivity, and atmospheric circulation in the equatorial Pacific. The tropical Atlantic also connects the southern and northern branches of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and receives freshwater input from some of the world’s largest rivers. To address these diverse, unique, and interconnected research challenges, a rich network of ocean observations has developed, building on the backbone of the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). This network has evolved naturally over time and out of necessity in order to address the most important outstanding scientific questions and to improve predictions of tropical Atlantic severe weather and global climate variability and change. The tropical Atlantic observing system is motivated by goals to understand and better predict phenomena such as tropical Atlantic interannual to decadal variability and climate change; multidecadal variability and its links to the meridional overturning circulation; air-sea fluxes of CO2 and their implications for the fate of anthropogenic CO2; the Amazon River plume and its interactions with biogeochemistry, vertical mixing, and hurricanes; the highly productive eastern boundary and equatorial upwelling systems; and oceanic oxygen minimum zones, their impacts on biogeochemical cycles and marine ecosystems, and their feedbacks to climate. Past success of the tropical Atlantic observing system is the result of an international commitment to sustained observations and scientific cooperation, a willingness to evolve with changing research and monitoring needs, and a desire to share data openly with the scientific community and operational centers. The observing system must continue to evolve in order to meet an expanding set of research priorities and operational challenges. This paper discusses the tropical Atlantic observing system, including emerging scientific questions that demand sustained ocean observations, the potential for further integration of the observing system, and the requirements for sustaining and enhancing the tropical Atlantic observing system.

【 授权许可】

Unknown