Surface Heat Fluxes over the Northern Arabian Gulf and the Northern Red Sea: Evaluation of ECMWF-ERA5 and NASA-MERRA2 Reanalyses

Atmosphere

卷:10

Ayal Anis¹  Viviane Menezes²  Fahad Al Senafi³ 

[1] Department of Oceanography, Texas A&

[2] M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;

[3] Marine Science Department, College of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait;

关键词: Arabian Gulf;    Red Sea;    Persian Gulf;    Merra 2;    ERA 5;    heat fluxes;   

DOI  :  10.3390/atmos10090504

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The air−sea heat fluxes in marginal seas and under extreme weather conditions constitute an essential source for energy transport and mixing dynamics. To reproduce these effects in numerical models, we need a better understanding of these fluxes. In response to this demand, we undertook a study to examine the surface heat fluxes in the Arabian Gulf (2013 to 2014) and Red Sea (2008 to 2010)—the two salty Indian Ocean marginal seas. We use high-quality buoy observations from offshore meteorological stations and data from two reanalysis products, the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and ERA5, the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalyses of global climate. Comparison of the reanalyses with the in situ-derived fluxes shows that both products underestimate the net heat fluxes in the Gulf and the Red Sea, with biases up to −45 W/m ${}^2$ in MERRA2. The reanalyses reproduce relatively well the seasonal variability in the two regions and the effects of wind events on air−sea fluxes. The results suggest that when forcing numerical models, ERA5 might provide a preferable dataset of surface heat fluxes for the Arabian Gulf while for the Red Sea the MERRA2 seems preferable.

【 授权许可】

Unknown