A Holistic Perspective: Exosomes Shuttle between Nerves and Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment

Journal of Clinical Medicine

卷:9

Roxana Manaila¹  Moran Amit²  Erik Knutsen³  MihneaP. Dragomir⁴  GeorgeA. Calin⁵  Simone Anfossi⁵  Vlad Moisoiu⁶  Barbara Pardini⁷ 

[1] Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;

[2] Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;

[3] Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;

[4] Department of Surgery, Fundeni Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;

[5] Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;

[6] Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;

[7] Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10060 Candiolo, Italy;

关键词: tumor microenvironment;    immune system;    neurotropic carcinoma;    neurogenesis;    exosomes;    microRNAs;   

DOI  :  10.3390/jcm9113529

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

One of the limitations of cancer research has been the restricted focus on tumor cells and the omission of other non-malignant cells that are constitutive elements of this systemic disease. Current research is focused on the bidirectional communication between tumor cells and other components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as immune and endothelial cells, and nerves. A major success of this bidirectional approach has been the development of immunotherapy. Recently, a more complex landscape involving a multi-lateral communication between the non-malignant components of the TME started to emerge. A prime example is the interplay between immune and endothelial cells, which led to the approval of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-therapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and classical chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Hence, a paradigm shift approach is to characterize the crosstalk between different non-malignant components of the TME and understand their role in tumorigenesis. In this perspective, we discuss the interplay between nerves and immune cells within the TME. In particular, we focus on exosomes and microRNAs as a systemic, rapid and dynamic communication channel between tumor cells, nerves and immune cells contributing to cancer progression. Finally, we discuss how combinatorial therapies blocking this tumorigenic cross-talk could lead to improved outcomes for cancer patients.

【 授权许可】

Unknown