There is only one winner: The negative impact of red deer density on roe deer numbers and distribution in the Słowiński National Park and its vicinity

Ecology and Evolution

卷:11

Justyna Święczkowska¹  Czesław Hołdyński¹  Jakub Borkowski²  Dariusz Załuski³  Rafał Banul⁴  Maciej Nasiadko⁵  Jolanta Jurkiewicz‐Azab⁶ 

[1] Department of Botany and Nature Conservation University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn Poland;

[2] Department of Forestry and Forest Ecology University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn Poland;

[3] Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn Poland;

[4] Słowiński National Park Smołdzino Poland;

[5] Vita Arbor Maciej Nasiadko Szczytno Poland;

[6] Wildlife Monitoring Project Mogilany Poland;

关键词: interspecific competition;    population density;    protected areas;    red deer;    roe deer;    ungulate assemblage;   

DOI  :  10.1002/ece3.7538

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Red and roe deer are the most numerous cervids in Europe, and they occur in sympatry in most regions. Roe deer were considered to be an inferior competitor in studies in which they co‐occurred with fallow deer or muntjac. Despite the remarkable overlap of their ranges, there are few studies on the competition between the red and roe deer. Since interspecific interactions among ungulates are often related to their mutual densities, the current study focused on the effects of high red deer density on the roe deer numbers and spatial distribution in the unhunted Słowiński National Park (SNP) in northern Poland and forest districts open to hunting bordering the park. Using fecal pellet group counts, it was found that in the forest districts (where red deer densities were 2–3 times lower than in the SNP), roe deer densities were significantly higher than in the park. The red‐to‐roe deer density ratio was 10.8 and 2.7, in the SNP and the surrounding forest districts, respectively. Moreover, in the SNP, the roe deer distribution was negatively affected by the red deer habitat use, while in the hunting areas, such an effect was not recorded. The negative influence of the red deer on the roe deer population in the park was most probably due to the red deer impact on food availability. The biomass of the plant groups forming the staple food of the roe deer (Rubus spp., forbs, dwarf shrubs) was significantly higher in the fenced plots than in the unfenced ones. Lack of hunting in the protected areas may benefit only some species in ungulate assemblages which, in turn, may contradict one of their objectives—to maintain viable and ecologically functional populations.

【 授权许可】

Unknown