Novel Insights into Autophagy and Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

卷:23

Camillo Porta¹  Alessandro Stella¹  Davide Loizzo²  Monica Rutigliano²  Marco Spilotros²  Nicola Antonio di Meo²  Michele Battaglia²  Pasquale Ditonno²  Giuseppe Lucarelli²  Leonardo Vincenti³  Cinzia Bizzoca³  Clara Cerrato⁴  Matteo Ferro⁵  Vincenzo Mirone⁶  Riccardo Autorino⁷  Devin Rogers⁷  Savio Domenico Pandolfo⁷ 

[1] Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;

[2] Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation–Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;

[3] Department of General Surgery “Ospedaliera”, Polyclinic Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;

[4] Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;

[5] Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;

[6] Division of Urology, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80100 Napoli, Italy;

[7] Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;

关键词: prostate cancer;    cancer;    autophagy;    apoptosis;    genes;    castration-resistant prostate cancer;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms23073826

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Autophagy is a complex process involved in several cell activities, including tissue growth, differentiation, metabolic modulation, and cancer development. In prostate cancer, autophagy has a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptosis and disease progression. Several molecular pathways are involved, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR. However, depending on the cellular context, autophagy may play either a detrimental or a protective role in prostate cancer. For this purpose, current evidence has investigated how autophagy interacts within these complex interactions. In this article, we discuss novel findings about autophagic machinery in order to better understand the therapeutic response and the chemotherapy resistance of prostate cancer. Autophagic-modulation drugs have been employed in clinical trials to regulate autophagy, aiming to improve the response to chemotherapy or to anti-cancer treatments. Furthermore, the genetic signature of autophagy has been found to have a potential means to stratify prostate cancer aggressiveness. Unfortunately, stronger evidence is needed to better understand this field, and the application of these findings in clinical practice still remains poorly feasible.

【 授权许可】

Unknown