Numerical Simulation of Drag Reduction on a Square Rod Detached with Two Control Rods at Various Gap Spacing via Lattice Boltzmann Method

Symmetry

卷:12

Dumitru Baleanu¹  KottakkaranSooppy Nisar²  Ilyas Khan³  Shams-Ul-Islam⁴  Asma Khalid⁵  Raheela Manzoor⁵ 

[1] Department of Mathematics, Cankaya University, 06790 Ankara, Turkey;

[2] Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Wadi Aldawaser, 11991, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia;

[3] Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 72915, Vietnam;

[4] Mathematics Department, COMSATS University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;

[5] Mathematics Department, SBK Women’s University, Quetta 87300, Pakistan;

关键词: numerical simulations;    control rods;    drag reduction;    lattice boltzmann method;    square rod;    vortex shedding;   

DOI  :  10.3390/sym12030475

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Numerical simulations are performed to examine the effect of size of control rods (d1) and spacing ratio (g) on flow around a square rod with upstream and downstream control rods aligned in-line using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The Reynolds number (Re) is fixed at Re = 160, while the spacing between the main rod and control rods is taken in the range 1 ≤ g ≤ 5 and the size of the control rod is varied between 4 and 20. Seven different types of flow mods are observed in this study at different values of g and d1. Variation in force statistics, like mean drag coefficient (C_dmean), Strouhal number (St), root mean square values of drag (C_drms) and lift coefficients (C_lrms), and percentage reduction in mean drag coefficient is discussed in detail. It was examined that vortex shedding completely suppressed at (g, d1) = (1, 12), (2, 12), and (2, 16) where steady flow mode exists. Moreover, it was found that at large gap spacing, where g = 5, the effect of control rods on the main rod vanishes. Due to this strong vortex shedding produced and as a result, maximum value of C_dmean is found at (g, d1) = (5, 8). The negative values of mean drag force are also observed at some gap spacing and size of control rods are due to the effect of thrust. Furthermore, the maximum percentage reduction in C_dmean is 121%, found at (g, d1) = (2, 20).

【 授权许可】

Unknown