Four Weeks of Treatment With Rifaximin Fails to Significantly Alter Microbial Diversity in Rectal Samples of HIV-Infected Immune Non-Responders (ACTG A5286) Which May be Attributed to Rectal Swab Use

Pathogens and Immunity

卷:4

Cara C. Wilson¹  David M. Margolis²  Ronald J. Bosch²  Alan L. Landay³  Stefan J. Green⁴  Jeffrey M. Jacobson⁵  Phillip Engen⁶  Brett B. Williams⁷  Ellen S. Chan⁸ 

[1] Boston, Massachusetts;

[2] Chicago, Illinois;

[3] Harvard School of Public Health;

[4] Rush University Medical Center;

[5] University of Illinois at Chicago;

[6] Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research;

[7] Division of Infectious Disease;

[8] Sequencing Core;

关键词: HIV;    microbiome;    immune activation;    microbial translocation;    rifaximin;   

DOI  :  10.20411/pai.v4i2.290

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Introduction: HIV-infected individuals have evidence of intestinal microbial translocation which is associated with immune activation and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Rifaximin, a non-absorbable antibiotic which reduces microbial translocation in other disease states, was shown to have a marginal beneficial effect on microbial translocation, T-cell activation, and inflammation in a multisite randomized trial (ACTG A5286; NCT01466595) of HIV-infected persons with poor immunologic recovery receiving ART. Here, we report analysis of the rectal microbiome changes associated with that trial.Methods: HIV-1-infected individuals receiving ART with CD4-T cell count <350cells/mm3 and viral suppression were randomized 2:1 to rifaximin or no therapy for 4 weeks. Rectal swabs were collected at baseline (pre-treatment) and at week 4 of rifaximin therapy. Genomic DNA extracted from rectal swab samples was analyzed using high throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes.Results: Forty-eight HIV-infected participants (31 received rifaximin, 17 no treatment) were included. There was broad variability in the recovery of bacterial rRNA from the specimens at baseline. No major significant (FDR P<0.05) effects of rifaximin treatment on alpha- or beta- diversity or individual taxa were observed between or within the treatment arms, with analyses conducted at taxonomic levels from phylum to genus.Conclusions: Rifaximin did not meaningfully alter the diversity or composition of the rectal microbiome of HIV-infected individuals after 4 weeks of therapy, although rectal swab specimens varied widely in their microbial load.

【 授权许可】

Unknown