Imaging of peripheral vascular malformations — current concepts and future perspectives

Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics

Michael Czihal¹  Beatrix Cucuruz²  Walter A. Wohlgemuth²  Richard Brill²  Max Masthoff³  Beate Häberle⁴  Vanessa F. Schmidt⁵  Moritz Wildgruber⁶ 

[1] Angiology Division, Department for Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany;Clinic and Policlinic of Radiology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany;Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany;Department for Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany;Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany;Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany;Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany;

关键词: Vascular malformations;    Duplex ultrasound;    Magnetic resonance imaging;    Molecular imaging;    Positron emission tomography;    Multispectral optoacoustic tomography;    Thermography;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40348-021-00132-w

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Vascular Malformations belong to the spectrum of orphan diseases and can involve all segments of the vascular tree: arteries, capillaries, and veins, and similarly the lymphatic vasculature. The classification according to the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) is of major importance to guide proper treatment. Imaging plays a crucial role to classify vascular malformations according to their dominant vessel type, anatomical extension, and flow pattern. Several imaging concepts including color-coded Duplex ultrasound/contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CDUS/CEUS), 4D computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including dynamic contrast-enhanced MR-angiography (DCE-MRA), and conventional arterial and venous angiography are established in the current clinical routine. Besides the very heterogenous phenotypes of vascular malformations, molecular and genetic profiling has recently offered an advanced understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of these lesions. As distinct molecular subtypes may be suitable for targeted therapies, capturing certain patterns by means of molecular imaging could enhance non-invasive diagnostics of vascular malformations. This review provides an overview of subtype-specific imaging and established imaging modalities, as well as future perspectives of novel functional and molecular imaging approaches. We highlight recent pioneering imaging studies including thermography, positron emission tomography (PET), and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), which have successfully targeted specific biomarkers of vascular malformations.

【 授权许可】

CC BY