Meningitis, meningoencephalitis and encephalitis in Bern: an observational study of 258 patients

BMC Neurology

Léonore Jaques¹  Lena Abbuehl¹  Anelia Dietmann¹  Antonela Bicvic¹  Anamaria Ungureanu¹  Julia van der Meer¹  Claudio L. A. Bassetti¹  Franziska Suter-Riniker²  Gabriele Chiffi²  Stephen L. Leib² 

[1] Department of Neurology, University Hopsital and University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland;Institute for Infectious Disease, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;

关键词: Encephalitis;    Meningoencephalitis;    Meningitis;    Sleep-wake disturbances;    Tick-borne encephalitis;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12883-021-02502-3

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundDepending on geographic location, causes of encephalitis, meningoencephalitis and meningitis vary substantially. We aimed to identify the most frequent causes, clinical presentation and long-term outcome of encephalitis, meningoencephalitis and meningitis cases treated in the Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.MethodsIn this monocentric, observational study, we performed a retrospective review of clinical patient records for all patients treated within a 3-year period. Patients were contacted for a telephone follow-up interview and to fill out questionnaires, especially related to disturbances of sleep and wakefulness.ResultsWe included 258 patients with the following conditions: encephalitis (18%), nonbacterial meningoencephalitis (42%), nonbacterial meningitis (27%) and bacterial meningoencephalitis/meningitis (13%). Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was the most common cause of encephalitis (18%); tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was the most common cause of nonbacterial meningoencephalitis (46%), enterovirus was the most common cause of nonbacterial meningitis (21%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common cause of bacterial meningoencephalitis/meningitis (49%). Overall, 35% patients remained without a known cause. After a median time of 16 months, 162 patients participated in the follow-up interview; 56% reported suffering from neurological long-term sequelae such as fatigue and/or excessive daytime sleepiness (34%), cognitive impairment and memory deficits (22%), headache (14%) and epileptic seizures (11%).ConclusionsIn the Bern region, Switzerland, TBEV was the overall most frequently detected infectious cause, with a clinical manifestation of meningoencephalitis in the majority of cases. Long-term neurological sequelae, most importantly cognitive impairment, fatigue and headache, were frequently self-reported not only in encephalitis and meningoencephalitis survivors but also in viral meningitis survivors up to 40 months after acute infection.

【 授权许可】

CC BY