A systematic approach to the disclosure of genomic findings in clinical practice and research: a proposed framework with colored matrix and decision-making pathways

BMC Medical Ethics

Shimon Tashiro¹  Kenji Matsui²  Tomohide Ibuki³  Keiichiro Yamamoto⁴ 

[1] Department of Sociology, Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan;Division of Bioethics and Healthcare Law, The Institute for Cancer Control, The National Cancer Center Japan, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan;Institute of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Japan;Office of Bioethics, The Center for Clinical Sciences, The National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;

关键词: Genomic findings;    Disclosure;    Decision-making;    Framework;    Primary findings;    Secondary findings;    Incidental findings;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12910-021-00738-9

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundWhether and how to disclose genomic findings obtained in the course of genomic clinical practice and medical research has been a controversial global bioethical issue over the past two decades. Although several recommendations and judgment tools for the disclosure of genomic findings have been proposed, none are sufficiently systematic or inclusive or even consistent with each other. In order to approach the disclosure/non-disclosure practice in an ethical manner, optimal and easy-to-use tools for supporting the judgment of physicians/researchers in genomic medicine are necessary.MethodsThe bioethics literature on this topic was analyzed to parse and deconstruct the somewhat overlapping and therefore ill-defined key concepts of genomic findings, such as incidental, primary, secondary, and other findings. Based on the deconstruction and conceptual analyses of these findings, we then defined key parameters from which to identify the strength of duty to disclose (SDD) for a genomic finding. These analyses were then applied to develop a framework with the SDD matrix and systematic decision-making pathways for the disclosure of genomic findings.ResultsThe following six major parameters (axes), along with sub-axes, were identified: Axis 1 (settings and institutions where findings emerge); Axis 2 (presence or absence of intention and anticipatability in discovery); Axis 3 (maximal actionability at the time of discovery); Axis 4 (net medical importance); Axis 5 (expertise of treating physician/researcher); and Axis 6 (preferences of individual patients/research subjects for disclosure). For Axes 1 to 4, a colored SDD matrix for genomic findings was developed in which levels of obligation for disclosing a finding can be categorized. For Axes 5 and 6, systematic decision-making pathways were developed via the SDD matrix.ConclusionWe analyzed the SDD of genomic findings and developed subsequent systematic decision-making pathways of whether and how to disclose genomic findings to patients/research subjects and their relatives in an ethical manner. Our comprehensive framework may help physicians and researchers in genomic medicine make consistent ethical judgments regarding the disclosure of genomic findings.

【 授权许可】

CC BY