Thrombosis in COVID-19 infection: Role of platelet activation-mediated immunity

Thrombosis Journal

Shahin Ramazi¹  Mahin Behzadi Fard²  Zahra Eslamifar²  Samaneh Behzadi Fard³  Amir Atashi⁴ 

[1]Department of biophysics, faculty of biological sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

[2]Dezful university of medical sciences, Dezful, Iran

[3]Kerman university of medical sciences, Kerman, Iran

[4]Stem cell and tissue engineering research center, Shahroud university of medical sciences, Shahroud, Iran

关键词: SARS-CoV-2;    COVID-19;    Thrombosis;    TLRs;    Platelet activation;    PAMPs;    Proinflammatory cytokines;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12959-021-00311-9

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThrombosis plays an important role in the Coronavrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection-related complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and myocardial infarction. Multiple factors such as oxygen demand injuries, endothelial cells injury related to infection, and plaque formation.Main bodyPlatelets obtained from the patients may have severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, showing that the increased activation potential recommends platelet can be hyper-activated in severely ill SARS-CoV-2 cases. Platelets contain multiple receptors that interact with specific ligands. Pathogen’s receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor family, glycoprotein (GP) such as GPαIIbβ3 and GPIbα which allow pathogens to interact with platelets. Platelet TLRs and NOD2 are involved in platelet activation and thrombosis. Accordingly, TLRs are critical receptors that could recognize various endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns and exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs are considered as important components in the activation of innate immunity response against pathogenic and non-pathogenic components like damaged tissues. TLRs-1,-2,-4,-6,-7 expression on or within platelets has been reported previously. Various PAMPs were indicated to be capable of binding to platelet-TLRs and inducing both the activation and promotion of downstream proinflammatory signaling cascade.ConclusionIt is possible that the increased TLRs expression and TLR-mediated platelets activation during COVID-19 may enhance vascular and coronary thrombosis. It may be hypothesized using TLRs antagonist and monoclonal antibody against P-selectin, as the marker of leukocyte recruitment and platelet activation, besides viral therapy provide therapeutic advances in fighting against the thrombosis related complications in COVID-19.

【 授权许可】

CC BY