Rhinovirus: A Narrative Review on Its Genetic Characteristics, Pediatric Clinical Presentations, and Pathogenesis

Frontiers in Pediatrics

article

Etienne Bizot¹  Servane Walle²  Benoit Visseaux³  Romain Basmaci²  Anais Bousquet²  Maelle Charpié²  Florence Coquelin²  Servane Lefevre²  Justin Le Lorier²  Margaux Patin²  Perrine Sée²  Eytan Sarfati² 

[1] Department of Microbiology, Robert Debré Hospital;Louis-Mourier Hospital;Department of Virology, Bichat Hospital;University of Paris

关键词: rhinovirus;    respiratory virus;    children;    enterovirus;    respiratory tract infection;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fped.2021.643219

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the leading cause of common colds. With the development of new molecular methods since the 2000s, HRVs have been increasingly involved among severe clinical infections. Recent knowledge of the HRV genetic characteristics has also improved the understanding of their pathogenesis. This narrative review aims to provide a current comprehensive knowledge about this virus in the pediatric community. HRVs represent a main cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children. HRV is the second virus involved in bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children, and HRV bronchiolitis has a higher risk of recurrent wheezing episode or asthma. Some recent findings described HRVs in stools, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid, thanks to new molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by detecting HRVs with high sensibility. However, the high rate of asymptomatic carriage and the prolonged excretion in postsymptomatic patients complicate interpretation. No sufficient data exist to avoid antibiotic therapy in pediatric high-risk population with HRV detection. Severe clinical presentations due to HRVs can be more frequent in specific population with chronic pathology or genetic particularity. Inflammatory response is mediated by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B pathway and production of interferon (IFN)-beta and IFN-gamma, interleukin 8 (IL8), and IL1b. No specific treatment or antiviral therapy exists, although research is still ongoing. Nowadays, in addition to benign diseases, HRVs are recognized to be involved in some severe clinical presentations. Recent advances in genetic knowledge or specific inflammatory response may lead to specific treatment.

【 授权许可】

CC BY