Rhinovirus: A Narrative Review on Its Genetic Characteristics, Pediatric Clinical Presentations, and Pathogenesis

Frontiers in Pediatrics

Anais Bousquet¹  Eytan Sarfati¹  Margaux Patin¹  Servane Walle¹  Justin Le Lorier¹  Maelle Charpié¹  Perrine Sée¹  Florence Coquelin¹  Servane Lefevre¹  Romain Basmaci²  Etienne Bizot³  Benoit Visseaux⁴ 

[1] Departement of Emergency and Pediatrics, Louis-Mourier Hospital, APHP, Colombes, France;Departement of Emergency and Pediatrics, Louis-Mourier Hospital, APHP, Colombes, France;University of Paris, Inserm, IAME, UMR1137, Paris, France;Department of Microbiology, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France;Departement of Emergency and Pediatrics, Louis-Mourier Hospital, APHP, Colombes, France;Department of Virology, Bichat Hospital, APHP, Paris, France;University of Paris, Inserm, IAME, UMR1137, Paris, France;

关键词: rhinovirus;    respiratory virus;    children;    enterovirus;    respiratory tract infection;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fped.2021.643219

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the leading cause of common colds. With the development of new molecular methods since the 2000s, HRVs have been increasingly involved among severe clinical infections. Recent knowledge of the HRV genetic characteristics has also improved the understanding of their pathogenesis. This narrative review aims to provide a current comprehensive knowledge about this virus in the pediatric community. HRVs represent a main cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children. HRV is the second virus involved in bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children, and HRV bronchiolitis has a higher risk of recurrent wheezing episode or asthma. Some recent findings described HRVs in stools, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid, thanks to new molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by detecting HRVs with high sensibility. However, the high rate of asymptomatic carriage and the prolonged excretion in postsymptomatic patients complicate interpretation. No sufficient data exist to avoid antibiotic therapy in pediatric high-risk population with HRV detection. Severe clinical presentations due to HRVs can be more frequent in specific population with chronic pathology or genetic particularity. Inflammatory response is mediated by the nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B pathway and production of interferon (IFN)-beta and IFN-gamma, interleukin 8 (IL8), and IL1b. No specific treatment or antiviral therapy exists, although research is still ongoing. Nowadays, in addition to benign diseases, HRVs are recognized to be involved in some severe clinical presentations. Recent advances in genetic knowledge or specific inflammatory response may lead to specific treatment.

【 授权许可】

CC BY