Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19

Frontiers in Medicine

article

Kemmian D. Johnson¹  Christen Harris¹  John K. Cain²  Cicily Hummer³  Hemant Goyal⁴  Abhilash Perisetti⁵ 

[1] Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, United States;Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Texas Christian University, United States;College of Medicine, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, United States;Department of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, United States;Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, United States

关键词: COVID-19;    SARS-CoV-2;    coronavirus 2019;    COVID-19;    pneumonia;    SARS-CoV-1;    MERS-CoV;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmed.2020.00526

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus−2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recently identified as the culprit of the highly infectious, outbreak named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Now declared a public health emergency, this pandemic is present in more than 200 countries with over 14 million cases and 600,000 deaths as of July 18, 2020. Primarily transmitted through the respiratory tract, the most common clinical presentations of symptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 include fever, dyspnea, cough, fatigue, and sore throat. In advanced cases, patients may rapidly develop respiratory failure with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even progress to death. While it is known that COVID-19 manifests similarly to the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), primarily affecting the pulmonary system, the impact of the disease extends far beyond the respiratory system and affects other organs of the body. The literature regarding the extrapulmonary manifestations (cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, ocular, dermatologic, and neurological) of COVID-19 is scant. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the organ-specific clinical manifestations of COVID-19, to increase awareness about the various organs affected by SARS-CoV-2 and to provide a brief insight into the similarities and differences in the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and the earlier SARS and MERS.

【 授权许可】

CC BY