Improved Properties of the Big Five Inventory and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in the Expanded Format Relative to the Likert Format

Frontiers in Psychology

article

Xijuan Zhang¹  Victoria Savalei¹ 

[1] Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia

关键词: big five inventory;    Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale;    Expanded format;    Likert format;    order effect;    method effect;    acquiescence bias;    negatively worded items;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01286

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Previous research by Zhang and Savalei (2015) proposed an alternative scale format to the Likert scale format: the Expanded format. Scale items in the Expanded format present both positively worded and negatively worded sentences as response options for each scale item; therefore, they were less affected by the acquiescence bias and method effects that often occur in the Likert scale items. The major goal of the current study is to further demonstrate the superiority of the Expanded format to the Likert format across different psychological scales. Specifically, we aim to replicate the findings of Zhang and Savalei and to determine whether order effect exists in the Expanded format scales. Six psychological scales were examined in the study, including the five subscales of the big five inventory (BFI) and the Rosenberg self-esteem (RSE) scale. Four versions were created for each psychological scale. One version was the original scale in the Likert format. The other three versions were in different Expanded formats that varied in the order of the response options. For each scale, the participant was randomly assigned to complete one scale version. Across the different versions of each scale, we compared the factor structures and the distributions of the response options. Our results successfully replicated the findings of Zhang and Savalei, and also showed that order effect was generally absent in the Expanded format scales. Based on these promising findings, we encourage researchers to use the Expanded format for these and other scales in their substantive research.

【 授权许可】

CC BY