Behavioral Signatures of Values in Everyday Behavior in Retrospective and Real-Time Self-Reports

Frontiers in Psychology

article

Ewa Skimina¹  Jan Cieciuch¹  Shalom H. Schwartz³  Eldad Davidov²  René Algesheimer² 

[1] Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw;University of Zurich;Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem;Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, Faculty of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Cologne;Department of Sociology, University of Zurich

关键词: values;    daily behavior;    value trait;    value state;    experience sampling method;    act frequency approach;    value-behavior relations;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00281

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

We identified behavioral signatures of the values distinguished in the Schwartz et al. refined value theory (2012). We examined behavioral signatures for two types of values, value states and value traits. We conducted two studies using innovative approaches. Study 1 used retrospective self-reports whereas Study 2 used self-reports in real time. In Study 1 ( N = 703), we sought act frequency signatures of the 19 basic value traits that the Portrait Value Questionnaire-Revised (Schwartz, 2017 ) measures. We examined the frequency of 209 acts from the Oregon Avocational Interest Scales (Goldberg, 2010 ) for which there were no expectations that values would necessarily influence them. We computed partial correlations between each behavioral act and each value. We discuss the theoretical links to each value of the 10 behavioral acts that correlated most highly with it. Study 2 analyzed 9,416 behavioral acts of 374 participants. We measured value expressions in current behavior, i.e., value states , using experience sampling methodology (ESM). We asked participants 7 times per day for 7 days what they had been doing during the past 15 min and how important 9 different values from the Schwartz's refined value theory were to them during that activity. Because the questions about activities were open-ended, the set of behavioral acts analyzed in Study 2 was theoretically unlimited. To find signatures of values in behavior, we identified the activities during which participants reported the highest level of importance for each value. Both studies revealed meaningful associations between values and daily behavior.

【 授权许可】

CC BY