Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Desire, Urge, Wanting, and Craving

Frontiers in Psychology

article

Matthew A. Stults-Kolehmainen¹  Miguel Blacutt²  John B. Bartholomew³  Todd A. Gilson⁴  Garrett I. Ash⁵  Paul C. McKee⁷  Rajita Sinha⁸ 

[1] Bariatric and Minimally Invasive Surgery Program, Yale-New Haven Hospital, United States;Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, United States;Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, United States;Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, United States;Pain Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, United States;Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, United States;Department of Psychology, Southern Connecticut State University, United States;Yale Stress Center, Yale School of Medicine, United States

关键词: urge for movement;    desire;    physical activity;    exercise;    motivation;    sedentary activity;    motivation states;    conceptual analysis;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568390

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

To better explain daily fluctuations in physical activity and sedentary behavior, investigations of motivation are turning from social cognitive frameworks to those centered on affect, emotion and automaticity, such as the Affect and Health Behavior Framework (AHBF), Integrated Framework and Affective-Reflective Theory (ART). This shift has necessitated: (a) re-examination of older theories and their constructs, such as drives, needs and tensions and (b) an inspection of competing theories from other fields that also attempt to explain dynamic changes in health behaviors. The Dynamical Model of Desire, Elaborated Intrusion Theory and others commonly share with AHBF the idea that human behavior is driven strongly by desires and/or the similar concepts of wants, urges, and cravings. These affectively-charged motivation states (ACMS) change quickly and may better explain physical activity behavior from one moment to the next. Desires for movement predominantly derive from negative but also positive reinforcement. Data from clinical populations with movement dysfunction or psychiatric disorders provides further evidence of these drivers of movement. Those with Restless Legs Syndrome, akathisia, tic disorders and exercise dependence all report strong urges to move and relief when it is accomplished. Motor control research has identified centers of the brain responsible for wants and urges for muscular movement. Models elaborated herein differentiate between wants, desires, urges and cravings. The WANT model (Wants and Aversions for Neuromuscular Tasks) conceptualizes desires for movement and rest as varying by magnitude, approach or avoidance-orientation (wants versus aversions) and as occupying independent dimensions instead of opposite ends of the same axis. For instance, one hypothetically might be in a state of both high desire for movement and rest simultaneously. Variations in motivation states to move and rest may also be associated with various stress states, like freezing or fight and flight. The first validated instrument to measure feelings of desire/want for movement and rest, the CRAVE Scale (Cravings for Rest and Volitional Energy Expenditure) is already shedding light on the nature of these states. With these advances in theory, conceptual modeling and instrumentation, future investigations may explore the effects of desires and urges for movement and sedentary behavior in earnest.

【 授权许可】

CC BY