The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Frontiers in Public Health

article

Mohammad Amin Ghatee¹  Walter R. Taylor³  Mehdi Karamian⁵ 

[1] Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences;Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences;Clinical Therapeutics Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit;Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom;Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences

关键词: Leishmania tropica;    Leishmania major;    Iran;    Turkey;    Iraq;    Afghanistan;    Saudi Arabia;    Syria;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpubh.2020.00011

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major are both the main cause of anthroponotic (ACL) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), respectively, in the Old World. Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani , which are important causes of visceral leishmaniasis, have also occasionally been reported in CL patients. The present study investigates the current distribution of causative species of CL in Iran and neighboring countries in the Middle East. There has been expansion of L. tropica into new urban and rural foci in Iran, with well-documented cases of visceralization, a substantial increase of CL in Syria, and the emergence of new foci and outbreaks in Turkey and Iraq, especially due to L. major . Civil war in Syria and Iraq, population movement, poverty, and climatic change play important roles in the changing CL distribution in this region. Control programs should adopt a multidisciplinary approach based on active surveillance and case finding, especially in vulnerable refugee populations, determination of hazard maps for CL hot points using GIS and other advanced technology, the free distribution of drugs, rodent control, and greater community engagement in poor and marginalized populations. Comprehensive molecular studies that could show the species and strains of Leishmania in different areas of each country can give a better view from the distribution of CL in this region.

【 授权许可】

CC BY