Characteristics and possible mechanisms of 46, XY differences in sex development caused by novel compound variants in NR5A1 and MAP3K1

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases

Jing Chen¹  Xinli Zhou²  Yiming Ji²  Yiping Cheng²  Chao Xu³  Jiangfei Yang⁴ 

[1] Department of Child Health, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China;Department of Child Health, Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China;Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China;Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China;Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China;Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China;Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China;Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 324, Jing 5 Road, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China;Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China;

关键词: 46;    XY differences in sex development;    NR5A1;    MAP3K1;    Diagnosis;    Heterogeneity;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13023-021-01908-z

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundDozens of genes are involved in 46, XY differences in sex development (DSD). Notably, about 3/4 of patients cannot make a clear etiology diagnosis and single gene variant identified cannot fully explain the clinical heterogeneity of 46, XY DSD.Materials and methodsWe conducted a systematic clinical analysis of a 46, XY DSD patient, and applied whole-exome sequencing for the genetic analysis of this pedigree. The identified variants were analyzed by bioinformatic analysis and in vitro studies were performed in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK-293T) cells which were transiently transfected with wild type or variant NR5A1 and MAP3K1 plasmid. Furthermore, protein production of SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) was analyzed in cell lysates.ResultsA novel NR5A1 variant (c.929A > C, p. His310Pro) and a rare MAP3K1 variant (c.2282T > C, p. Ile761Thr) were identified in the proband, whereas the proband's mother and sister who only carry rare MAP3K1 variant have remained phenotypically healthy to the present. These two variants were predicted to be pathogenic by bioinformatic analysis. In vitro, NR5A1 variant decreased the SOX9 production by 82.11% compared to wild type NR5A1, while MAP3K1 variant had little effect on the SOX9 production compared to wild type MAP3K1. Compared to wild type NR5A1 transfection, the SOX9 production of cells transfected with both wild type plasmids decreased by about 17.40%. Compared to variant NR5A1 transfection, the SOX9 production of cells transfected with both variant plasmids increased by the 36.64%.ConclusionsOur findings suggested the novel compound variants of NR5A1 and MAP3K1 can alter the expression of SOX9 and ultimately lead to abnormality of sex development.

【 授权许可】

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