An update to the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM): The quiet time thermosphere

Earth and Space Science

Douglas P. Drob³  John T. Emmert³  John W. Meriwether⁴  Jonathan J. Makela²  Eelco Doornbos⁷  Mark Conde⁸  Gonzalo Hernandez⁶  John Noto⁵  Katherine A. Zawdie³  Sarah E. McDonald³  Joe D. Huba¹ 

[1] Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, USA;Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, USA;Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA;Scientific Solutions Inc., Chelmsford, Massachusetts, USA;Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;ORCID:orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-8546;Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA

关键词: thermosphere;    general circulation;    empirical model;    zonal average;    quiet time;    wind;   

DOI  :  10.1002/2014EA000089

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Abstract

The Horizontal Wind Model (HWM) has been updated in the thermosphere with new observations and formulation changes. These new data are ground-based 630 nm Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) measurements in the equatorial and polar regions, as well as cross-track winds from the Gravity Field and Steady State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite. The GOCE wind observations provide valuable wind data in the twilight regions. The ground-based FPI measurements fill latitudinal data gaps in the prior observational database. Construction of this reference model also provides the opportunity to compare these new measurements. The resulting update (HWM14) provides an improved time-dependent, observationally based, global empirical specification of the upper atmospheric general circulation patterns and migrating tides. In basic agreement with existing accepted theoretical knowledge of the thermosphere general circulation, additional calculations indicate that the empirical wind specifications are self-consistent with climatological ionosphere plasma distribution and electric field patterns.

【 授权许可】

CC BY-NC-ND   
©2015. The Authors.

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.