Explorations in Reported Moral Behaviors, Values, and Moral Emotions in Four Countries

Frontiers in Psychology

Liisa Myyry¹  Joaquim Pires Valentim²  Mia Silfver-Kuhalampi³  Klaus Helkama³  Kristina Petkova⁴  Kadi Liik⁵ 

[1] Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria;School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia;

关键词: guilt;    moral behavior;    secrets;    shame;    values;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661172

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

University students (n = 758) from Bulgaria, Estonia, Finland, and Portugal were given a list of morally relevant behaviors (MRB), the Schwartz Value Survey (PVQ40) and Tangney’s TOSCA, measuring empathic guilt, guilt over norm-breaking, and shame. A factor analysis of MRB yielded 4 dimensions: prosocial behaviors, interpersonal transgressions, antisocial behaviors and secret transgressions. Prosocial behaviors were predicted by self-transcendence–self-enhancement (SET) value contrast only while the three transgression categories were associated with both SET and openness to change–conservation (hedonism–conformity) contrast. Norm-breaking guilt was more strongly associated with behaviors than were empathic guilt and shame. However, shame was (positively) associated with secret transgressions in three countries, after controlling for values. The associations were strongest in Bulgaria and Estonia while fewer associations were found in Finland and Portugal. The implications of the findings for the cross-cultural psychology of morality are discussed.

【 授权许可】

CC BY