Quaternary Cu 2 CdSnS 4 nanoparticles synthesised by microwave irradiation method

Micro & nano letters

article

Hao Guan¹  YuFen Shi¹  Haijun Hou¹  Xu Wang¹  Fangli Yu¹ 

[1] School of Materials Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology;College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

关键词: transmission electron microscopy;    scanning electron microscopy;    cadmium compounds;    copper compounds;    ultraviolet spectra;    X-ray diffraction;    infrared spectra;    nanofabrication;    tin compounds;    visible spectra;    nanoparticles;    energy gap;    solar cells;    quaternary nanoparticles;    microwave irradiation method;    CCTS nanoparticles;    X-ray diffraction;    energy dispersive spectroscopy;    scanning electron microscopy;    transmission electron microscopy;    UV–vis–NIR absorbance spectroscopy;    bandgap;    absorber layer;    thin film solar cells;    Cu2CdSnS4;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2013.0686

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background and Aim: Local anesthetic techniques are increasingly popular for ophthalmic surgery. Levobupivacaine, the pure S (-) enantiomer of bupivacaine, has strongly emerged as a safer alternative for regional anesthesia than its racemic sibling, bupivacaine. The present Study was performed with an aim to compare between levobupivacaine 0.5% or bupivacaine 0.5% both in a mixture with lignocaine 2% for peribulbar block in cataract surgery.Methodology: In this prospective double blind study, all the patients were randomly divided in two groups, Group B patients received inj bupivacaine 0.5% (5 ml) + lignocaine 2% (5 ml) + hyaluronidase (5 IU/ml), and Group L patients received inj levobupivacaine 0.5% (5 ml) + lignocaine 2% (5 ml) + hyaluronidase (5 IU/ml) for peribulbar block by akinetic technique to provide anesthesia for cataract surgery. The study was conducted for the period of one year. After routine pre anesthetic assessment, a peripheral intravenous (i.v.) line was inserted in 6 hours fasted patient and standard monitoring was conducted and recorded, including heart rate (HR), noninvasive arterial blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram (5 leads), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). Motor block was evaluated by assessment of akinesia in four quadrants using general akinesia scoring system. Results: There were no significant difference between groups with respect to the akinesia score (p = 0.24) at 2, 5 and 10 min, the number of supplementary injections (p = 0.83) and initial and total required volume of local anesthetics (p = 0.78 and p = 0.79). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding surgeon and patient satisfaction (p > 0.52). Similarly the verbal rating scales assessed at three different occasions were not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). The need for additional intra-operative topical anesthetic was similar between the groups (p = 0.64).Conclusion: Peribulbar block with a mixture of levobupivacaine 0.5% and lignocaine 2% or bupivacaine 0.5% and lignocaine 2% provides similar block quality and efficacy.

【 授权许可】

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