Study of nitric oxide degradation properties of photoactive concrete containing nitrogen and/or carbon co-modified titanium dioxide – preliminary findings

Micro & nano letters

article

Magdalena Janus¹  Justyna Zatorska²  Kamila Zając¹  Ewelina Kusiak-Nejman²  Adam Czyżewski²  Antoni Waldemar Morawski² 

[1] Department of Sanitary Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology;West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Inorganic Technology and Environment Engineering

关键词: concrete;    catalysis;    photochemistry;    catalysts;    nitrogen compounds;    titanium compounds;    ultraviolet radiation effects;    chemical engineering;    nitric oxide degradation properties;    photoactive concrete materials;    carbon comodified titanium dioxide;    photoactive concrete material production;    photocatalytic activity;    raw anatase;    ammonia;    2-propanol;    commercial titania P25;    constant temperature conditions;    constant humidity conditions;    ultraviolet light irradiation;    concrete composites;    comodified titania;    modified photocatalysts;    selective catalytic reduction process;    partial nitrogen oxide reduction;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2015.0423

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background & Objective: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been shown to providegood postoperative pain relief following various abdominal and inguinal surgeries. We evaluated theeffectiveness of ultrasound guided TAP block against conventional local anesthetic wound infiltration forbetter postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair.Methodology: This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted after approval from ethicalreview board. A total of 100 adult male patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physicalstatus 1 or 2 were randomized either to Group I (TAP) (n = 50) receiving ultrasound guided TAP blockwith 0.5% bupivacaine 1.5 mg/kg or Group II (LAI) (n = 50) receiving similar dose as conventionallocal anesthetic wound infiltration. Inj. tramadol was used as rescue analgesic if needed. Pain score wasrecorded by visual analogue scale (VAS) on emergence, then 2 hourly for 8 hours followed by 4 hourly for24 hours postoperatively. Mean pain score, total dose of rescue analgesic/24 hours and procedure relatedcomplications, including postoperative nausea / vomiting, were recorded.Results: There was no significant difference between the baseline characteristics of both groups. Meanpain scores in Group I (TAP) and II (LAI) were 2.1 ± 1.2 and 4.8 ± 1.5 respectively (P < 0.001) andcorresponding opiate requirement was significantly less in Group I (TAP) 17.2 ± 68.4 mg of tramadol vs136.4 ± 86.3mg of tramadol in Group II (LAI) (P < 0.001). Nausea / vomiting were observed in 21.7 vs.78.3% of patients in Group I (TAP) and Group II (LAI) respectively. No procedure related complicationswere noted in any patient.Conclusion: Ultrasound guided TAP block is found to be safe and an effective modality of providingpostoperative analgesia with significantly less post-operative nausea vomiting and opiate requirementwhen compared to local anesthetic wound infiltration.

【 授权许可】

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