Synthesis of carbon nanostructures from coal by chemical solid synthesis method

Micro & nano letters

article

Motahare Vakili Fathabadi¹  Hasan Hashemipour Rafsanjani¹  Firouze Danafar¹ 

[1] Chemical Engineering Department, Shahid Bahonar University

关键词: carbon fibres;    nanofibres;    catalysts;    Raman spectra;    X-ray diffraction;    scanning electron microscopy;    transmission electron microscopy;    amorphous state;    nanofabrication;    carbon nanostructures;    chemical solid synthesis method;    carbon nanofibres;    coal particles;    solid phase;    ferrocene;    catalyst;    tubular reactor;    Raman spectroscopy;    X-ray diffraction;    scanning electron microscopy;    transmission electron microscopy;    coal structure;    amorphous structure;    monodispersed carbon spheres;    C;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2016.0089

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Objective: Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) is a common manifestation of severe brain injury. Rapiddiagnosis and timely intervention is required to prevent secondary brain damage and death. Measurementof optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by ultrasound is increasingly used as a marker to detect raisedICP. Knowledge of normal ONSD in a healthy population is essential to interpret this measurement. Weaimed to evaluate normal optic nerve sheath diameter in healthy volunteers in Pakistan.Methodology: It was a prospective, observational study in which one hundred healthy volunteers ofPakistani origin, aged more than 18 years were recruited in the study. The ultrasound probe was placedon the superior and lateral aspect of the orbit against the upper eyelid with the eye closed. For eachsubject, the primary investigator performed three measurements on each eye. The measurements of eacheye were then averaged to yield a mean ONSD.Results: The median ONSD of right eye was 4.84 mm and 95% of individuals had mean ONSD in therange 4.84–4.97 mm while the median ONSD of left eye was 4.86 mm and 95% of individuals had meanONSD in the range 4.85–4.96 mm. There was no difference among the 3 repeated measures of ONSD ineach eye. There was no relationship between ONSD with age, gender and measurement taken betweenleft and right eyes.Conclusion: 95% of study sample have an ONSD less than 4.82 mm. ONSD more than 4.82 mm in thispopulation should be considered abnormal and may reflect raised intracranial pressure.

【 授权许可】

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