Synthesis and characterisation of dual plasmonic gold nanostars as high-performance surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate

Micro & nano letters

article

Vijay Raghavan¹  Hai Ming Fan²  Eoin K. McCarthy³  Peter Dockery¹  Antony Wheatley¹  Ivan Keogh⁴  Malini Olivo¹ 

[1] School of Physics, National University of Ireland;School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University;Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin;Department of Surgery, National University of Ireland;Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI);Bio-optical Imaging Group, Agency for Science, Technology and Research

关键词: plasmonics;    gold;    nanostructured materials;    nanofabrication;    surface enhanced Raman scattering;    surface plasmon resonance;    finite difference time-domain analysis;    ultraviolet spectra;    visible spectra;    infrared spectra;    Au;    wavelength 785 nm;    incident electric field polarisation;    multipolar resonance nature;    finite-difference time-domain calculations;    UV-Vis-NIR absorption measurements;    localised surface plasmon resonances;    controlled synthesis;    biomolecules;    minimal light attenuation;    nanosensors;    gold nanoprobes;    SERS;    high-performance surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate;    dual plasmonic gold nanostars;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2016.0095

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background & Aim: Caudal block is the regional anesthetic technique that is used most frequently in pediatric surgery and bupivacaine and levobupivacaine are widely utilized in this technique. Opioid drugs have been added to local anesthetic solutions to prolong duration of analgesia but ideal combination were not found. We compared the postoperative analgesic efficacy of equal concentrations of bupivacaine or levobupivacaine plus tramadol in pediatric patients.Objectives: Following objectives were monitored during study time of first analgesic requirement postoperatively, CHIPPS score for first 24 hrs, analgesic requirement in first 24 hrs, hemodynamic parameters and any side effects.Methodology: Sixty children aged 2 to 5 years who were undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy or orchidopexy received bupivacaine 0.25% plus tramadol 2 mg/kg (1 ml/kg) (BT group) or levobupivacaine 0.25% plus tramadol 2 mg/kg (1 ml/kg) (LT group) by the caudal route after general anaesthesia. The primary outcome of the study was to compare the duration and quality of postoperative analgesia. The postoperative pain relief was evaluated by the Children and Infants Postoperative Pain Scale (CHIPPS) at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. In addition, the time of first analgesic requirement was noted.Results: The CHIPPS scores were not statistically different between the groups. The duration of analgesia and requirements for rescue analgesia was similar. Urinary retention and motor blockade were observed more often in the BT group but statistically not significant. There were no significant differences between groups for arterial pressures and heart rate after caudal block and during the operation.Conclusion: Caudal bupivacaine plus tramadol and levobupivacaine plus tramadol have similar postoperative analgesic efficacy.

【 授权许可】

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