Ag-decorated SnO 2 nanorods: microwave-assisted green synthesis and enhanced ethanol gas sensing properties

Micro & nano letters

article

Jie Zhang¹  Chensha Li²  Binsong Wang² 

[1] College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University;Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-Efficiency Conversion, School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University

关键词: silver;    tin compounds;    organic compounds;    semiconductor materials;    nanorods;    nanofabrication;    microwave materials processing;    semiconductor growth;    semiconductor-metal boundaries;    gas sensors;    nanosensors;    chemical variables measurement;    X-ray diffraction;    scanning electron microscopy;    transmission electron microscopy;    microwave-assisted green synthesis;    ethanol gas sensing;    volatile organic compounds;    X-ray diffraction;    scanning electron microscopy;    transmission electron microscopy;    one-dimensional nanorods;    tetragonal rutile phase;    cubic phase;    ethanol concentration;    Ag-SnO2;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2016.0564

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background: Health professionals often underestimate children’s pain and do not treat it as a priority. To raise awareness,the International Association for the Study of Pain has launched a campaign “Global Year against Pain in Children” in 2005,but evidence shows that the pain in children still remains undertreated.Objective: to determine the prevalence of postoperative pain and the methods for pain treatment in pediatric patientsMethodology: This survey was done on a one-day period in 7 hospitals in northeastern Thailand. Participants were all inpatientchildren of the age 1 during the past 24 hrs), patients’ perception of receiving pain treatment. Selfreport pain was measured with the use of either numerical rating scale (0 to 10 scales) or the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (0-5faces). For those who were unable to self report pain, the Neonatal Infant Pain scale was used. Types of surgery, days aftersurgery, prescription for pain relief and non-pharmacological measures used for pain relief were also recorded.Results: One hundred and thirty three of 487 patients (27.3%) were surgical cases. The prevalence of postoperative painduring the past 24 hrs was 69.2%, but those who had moderate to severe pain was 43.6%. Most of children (78.2%)experienced mild or no pain at the time of interview. Almost a half (44.6%) of them perceived they had pain medicationupon request and more than half of them (60.1%) used non-pharmacological methods for supplementary pain relief. Twomost common prescribed medications were paracetamol (51.9%) and morphine (25.6%). The proportion of medicationadministered to patients was less than those found in the prescription such as 24.8% vs 51.9% for paracetamol and 8.3% vs25.6% for IV morphine. Only three conventional routes, oral, intravenous and intramuscular /subcutaneous routes, werefound in the prescription for pain treatment.Conclusion: Postoperative pain remains undertreated in northeastern Thailand. We need to raise awareness level andimprove the understanding and the knowledge about Postoperative pain and its management.

【 授权许可】

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