Nanoscale static voltage generation and its surface potential decay using scanning probe microscopy

Micro & nano letters

article

Sreenidhi Prabha Rajeev¹  Subash Cherumannil Karumuthil¹  Uvais Valiyaneerilakkal¹  Soney Varghese¹ 

[1] Nanomaterials and Devices Research Laboratory, School of Nanoscience and Technology, National Institute of Technology

关键词: surface potential;    surface charging;    polymer films;    metal-insulator boundaries;    work function;    scanning tunnelling microscopy;    nanoscale static voltage generation;    surface potential decay;    scanning probe microscopy;    nanoscopic voltage;    nonuniform rubbing;    uniform rubbing;    neat unpolarised polymer polyvinylidene fluoride;    metal-insulator configuration;    work function;    metal electrode;    electron negativity;    polymeric material;    dynamic contact mode electrostatic force microscopy;    scanning tunnelling microscopy;    electrostatic potential;    contact electrification;    nanoscopic domains;    tribolayers;    unrubbed polymer film;    modulated tip;    rubbed polymer films;    charge retention;    charge decay;    unrubbed surface;    rubbed surface;    triboelectric series;   

DOI  :  10.1049/mnl.2017.0236

学科分类：计算机科学（综合）

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Background:  In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women, while cervical cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death. Women often fail to recognise or misinterpret possible symptoms, so breast and cervical cancer symptom awareness information can promote timely help-seeking behaviour, diagnosis and start of treatment. Aim:  To identify tools that have been utilised to measure breast and cervical cancer symptom awareness in SSA and to establish if such tools have been validated in SSA populations. Methods:  A scoping review of articles published between January 1997 and February 2017, written in English and describing primary research in breast and/or cervical cancer symptom awareness-related topics in SSA contexts, was undertaken across five databases. The approach was supported by Colquhoun et al.’s methodological framework for scoping reviews. Results:  A total of 41 studies were included from 11 SSA countries. Almost half (20/41) used breast and/or cervical cancer symptom awareness tools but did not report on tool validation processes. The rest (21/41) made reference to some tool validation, yet only two reported a detailed account of their tool validation processes. One explored lay perceptions of breast cancer, while the other sought to establish the validity and reliability of a UK tool in a Kenyan context. Conclusion:  The findings point to the dearth of comprehensively validated and culturally relevant tools to measure breast and cervical cancer symptom awareness in the SSA context. They have informed the development and validation of an African Women Awareness of CANcer (AWACAN) tool, which can support the development and evaluation of interventions relevant to the SSA context.

【 授权许可】

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