Severe traumatic brain injury and hypotension is a frequent and lethal combination in multiple trauma patients in mountain areas – an analysis of the prospective international Alpine Trauma Registry

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

Urs Pietsch¹  Mathias Ströhle²  Peter Mair²  Giacomo Strapazzon³  Matilde Marzolo³  Hermann Brugger³  Tomas Dal Cappello³  Simon Rauch⁴ 

[1] Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, St. Gallen Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland;Swiss Air Rescue Rega, Zürich, Switzerland;Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;Eurac Research, Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Bolzano, Italy;Eurac Research, Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Bolzano, Italy;Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital of Merano, Merano, Italy;

关键词: Trauma;    Traumatic brain injury;    Hypotension;    Shock;    Mountain rescue;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13049-021-00879-1

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundHypotension is associated with worse outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and maintaining a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥110 mmHg is recommended. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of TBI in patients suffering multiple trauma in mountain areas; to describe associated factors, treatment and outcome compared to non-hypotensive patients with TBI and patients without TBI; and to evaluate pre-hospital variables to predict admission hypotension.MethodsData from the prospective International Alpine Trauma Registry including mountain multiple trauma patients (ISS ≥ 16) collected between 2010 and 2019 were analysed. Patients were divided into three groups: 1) TBI with hypotension, 2) TBI without hypotension and 3) no TBI. TBI was defined as Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) of the head/neck ≥3 and hypotension as SBP < 110 mmHg on hospital arrival.ResultsA total of 287 patients were included. Fifty (17%) had TBI and hypotension, 92 (32%) suffered TBI without hypotension and 145 (51%) patients did not have TBI. Patients in group 1 were more severely injured (mean ISS 43.1 ± 17.4 vs 33.3 ± 15.3 vs 26.2 ± 18.1 for group 1 vs 2 vs 3, respectively, p < 0.001). Mean SBP on hospital arrival was 83.1 ± 12.9 vs 132.5 ± 19.4 vs 119.4 ± 25.8 mmHg (p < 0.001) despite patients in group 1 received more fluids. Patients in group 1 had higher INR, lower haemoglobin and lower base excess (p < 0.001). More than one third of patients in group 1 and 2 were hypothermic (body temperature < 35 °C) on hospital arrival while the rate of admission hypothermia was low in patients without TBI (41% vs 35% vs 21%, for group 1 vs 2 vs 3, p = 0.029). The rate of hypothermia on hospital arrival was different between the groups (p = 0.029). Patients in group 1 had the highest mortality (24% vs 10% vs 1%, p < 0.001).ConclusionMultiple trauma in the mountains goes along with severe TBI in almost 50%. One third of patients with TBI is hypotensive on hospital arrival and this is associated with a worse outcome. No single variable or set of variables easily obtainable at scene was able to predict admission hypotension in TBI patients.

【 授权许可】

CC BY