Feelings of safety during daytime walking: associations with mental health, physical activity and cardiometabolic health in high vacancy, low-income neighborhoods in Detroit, Michigan

International Journal of Health Geographics

Teresa H. Horton¹  Joseph C. Gardiner²  Benjamin V. Dougherty³  Amber L. Pearson⁴  Karin A. Pfeiffer⁵  Kimberly A. Clevenger⁵  Ventra Asana⁶ 

[1] Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA;Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;Department of Geography, Environment & Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;Department of Geography, Environment & Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand;Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;Independent Scholar, Detroit, MI, USA;

关键词: Ethnic minority;    Inequality;    Stress;    Green space;    Crime;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12942-021-00271-3

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

IntroductionIndividuals living in low-income neighborhoods have disproportionately high rates of obesity, Type-2 diabetes, and cardiometabolic conditions. Perceived safety in one’s neighborhood may influence stress and physical activity, with cascading effects on cardiometabolic health.MethodsIn this study, we examined relationships among feelings of safety while walking during the day and mental health [perceived stress (PSS), depression score], moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA), Body Mass Index (BMI), and hemoglobin A1C (A1C) in low-income, high-vacancy neighborhoods in Detroit, Michigan. We recruited 69 adults who wore accelerometers for one week and completed a survey on demographics, mental health, and neighborhood perceptions. Anthropometrics were collected and A1C was measured using A1CNow test strips. We compiled spatial data on vacant buildings and lots across the city. We fitted conventional and multilevel regression models to predict each outcome, using perceived safety during daytime walking as the independent variable of interest and individual or both individual and neighborhood-level covariates (e.g., number of vacant lots). Last, we examined trends in neighborhood features according to perceived safety.ResultsIn this predominantly African American sample (91%), 47% felt unsafe during daytime walking. Feelings of perceived safety significantly predicted PSS (β = − 2.34, p = 0.017), depression scores (β = − 4.22, p = 0.006), and BMI (β = − 2.87, p = 0.01), after full adjustment. For PA, we detected a significant association for sex only. For A1C we detected significant associations with blighted lots near the home. Those feeling unsafe lived in neighborhoods with higher park area and number of blighted lots.ConclusionFuture research is needed to assess a critical pathway through which neighborhood features, including vacant or poor-quality green spaces, may affect obesity—via stress reduction and concomitant effects on cardiometabolic health.

【 授权许可】

CC BY