Alzheimer’s disease: risk factors and potentially protective measures

Journal of Biomedical Science

Luan Carlos Vieira Alves¹  Marcos Vinícius Ferreira Silva¹  Karina Braga Gomes Borges¹  Maria das Graças Carvalho¹  Cristina de Mello Gomide Loures¹  Leonardo Cruz de Souza² 

[1] Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 – Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190 - Santa Efigênia, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;

关键词: Alzheimer’s disease;    Genetic risk factors;    Acquired risk factors;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12929-019-0524-y

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and typically manifests through a progressive loss of episodic memory and cognitive function, subsequently causing language and visuospatial skills deficiencies, which are often accompanied by behavioral disorders such as apathy, aggressiveness and depression. The presence of extracellular plaques of insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau) in the neuronal cytoplasm is a remarkable pathophysiological cause in patients’ brains. Approximately 70% of the risk of developing AD can be attributed to genetics. However, acquired factors such as cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia increase the risk of AD development. The aim of the present minireview was to summarize the pathophysiological mechanism and the main risk factors for AD. As a complement, some protective factors associated with a lower risk of disease incidence, such as cognitive reserve, physical activity and diet will also be addressed.

【 授权许可】

CC BY