Correlation of lower 2 h C-peptide and elevated evening cortisol with high levels of depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus

BMC Psychiatry

Hong Xian Mao¹  Yu Ming Sang¹  Xue Yong Lou¹  Yue Hua Zhu²  Li Jun Wang³  Yi Jun Zhu⁴ 

[1] Department of Endocrinology, Jinhua Central Hospital, 351 Mingyue Street, 321000, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China;Department of Psychiatry, Jinhua Central Hospital, 351 Mingyue Street, 321000, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China;Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China;The Central Laboratory, Jinhua Central Hospital, 351 Mingyue Street, 321000, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China;

关键词: C-peptide;    Cortisol;    Depression;    Ghrelin;    Leptin;    Middle-aged;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12888-020-02901-9

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundA number of studies have explored the association between depression and ghrelin, leptin, and cortisol; further, postprandial C-peptide levels have a therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between C-peptide and depression in patients with diabetes, remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the association between depression and ghrelin, leptin, cortisol, and C-peptide in patients with diabetes.MethodsWe enrolled 50 adults without T2DM, 77 non-depressed adults with T2DM (free of Axis-I psychiatric disorders as assessed using the Mental Illness Needs Index (MINI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 score ≤ 4)) and 59 patients with T2DM and depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 7 and positive by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5). The age range of the participants was 45–59 years of age. We compared the above three groups and explored the association between ghrelin, leptin, cortisol, C-peptide, and depression in patients with diabetes. A post-hoc power-analysis was finished.ResultsCompared with the non-depression T2DM group, the depression T2DM group had significantly higher blood glucose fluctuations. Further, compared with the non-depression T2DM and non-diabetic groups, the depression T2DM group had significantly lower levels of post-meal 2-h C-peptide and elevated evening cortisol (p < 0.01). Regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between depression severity and 2-h postprandial C-peptide in patients with diabetes (p < 0.01) and a significant positive correlation with midnight cortisol levels (p < 0.01). A post hoc power analysis showed that we had an adequate sample size and met the minimum requirement to attain 80% power. A post hoc power calculation also demonstrated that this study basically achieved power of 80% at 5% alpha level.ConclusionsOur findings indicate a correlation of low fasting levels of 2-h C-peptide as well as higher midnight cortisol levels with higher depression severity in middle-aged patients with T2DM.

【 授权许可】

CC BY