A comparison of a ketogenic diet with a LowGI/nutrigenetic diet over 6 months for weight loss and 18-month follow-up

BMC Nutrition

Aseel Al-Saleh¹  Lorena Filip²  Keith A. Grimaldi³  Maria Vranceanu⁴  Daniela-Saveta Popa⁴  Ioana Ecaterina Pralea⁴  Craig Pickering⁵  Senthil Sundaram⁶ 

[1] Arab Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain;Department of Bromatology and Hygiene, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania;Department of Nutrigenetics and Personalized Nutrition, Eurogenetica, Rome, Italy;Prenetics DNAfit Research Centre, London, UK;Department of Toxicology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania;Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK;Prenetics Ltd, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China;

关键词: Glycaemic index;    Genetic testing;    Nutrigenetics;    Weight loss;    Ketogenic;    BMI;    Cholesterol;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40795-020-00370-7

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundObesity and its related metabolic disturbances represent a huge health burden on society. Many different weight loss interventions have been trialled with mixed efficacy, as demonstrated by the large number of individuals who regain weight upon completion of such interventions. There is evidence that the provision of genetic information may enhance long-term weight loss, either by increasing dietary adherence or through underlying biological mechanisms.MethodsThe investigators followed 114 overweight and obese subjects from a weight loss clinic in a 2-stage process. 1) A 24-week dietary intervention. The subjects self-selected whether to follow a standardized ketogenic diet (n = 53), or a personalised low-glycemic index (GI) nutrigenetic diet utilising information from 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (n = 61). 2) After the 24-week diet period, the subjects were monitored for an additional 18 months using standard guidelines for the Keto group vs standard guidelines modified by nutrigenetic advice for the low-Glycaemic Index nutrigenetic diet (lowGI/NG) group.ResultsAfter 24 weeks, the keto group lost more weight: − 26.2 ± 3.1 kg vs − 23.5 ± 6.4 kg (p = 0.0061). However, at 18-month follow up, the subjects in the low-GI nutrigenetic diet had lost significantly more weight (− 27.5 ± 8.9 kg) than those in the ketogenic diet who had regained some weight (− 19.4 ± 5.0 kg) (p < 0.0001). Additionally, after the 24-week diet and 18-month follow up the low-GI nutrigenetic diet group had significantly greater (p < 0.0001) improvements in total cholesterol (ketogenic − 35.4 ± 32.2 mg/dl; low-GI nutrigenetic − 52.5 ± 24.3 mg/dl), HDL cholesterol (ketogenic + 4.7 ± 4.5 mg/dl; low-GI nutrigenetic + 11.9 ± 4.1 mg/dl), and fasting glucose (ketogenic − 13.7 ± 8.4 mg/dl; low-GI nutrigenetic − 24.7 ± 7.4 mg/dl).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that the ketogenic group experienced enhanced weight loss during the 24-week dietary intervention. However, at 18-month follow up, the personalised nutrition group (lowGI/NG) lost significantly more weight and experienced significantly greater improvements in measures of cholesterol and blood glucose. This suggests that personalising nutrition has the potential to enhance long-term weight loss and changes in cardiometabolic parameters.Trial registrationNCT04330209, Registered 01/04/2020, retrospectively registered.

【 授权许可】

CC BY