A single nucleotide polymorphism assay sheds light on the extent and distribution of genetic diversity, population structure and functional basis of key traits in cultivated north American cannabis

Journal of Cannabis Research

Michael K. Deyholos¹  Dinesh Adhikary¹  Michael Morgan²  Dan Jin³  Alexis Middleton⁴  Kevin Hong⁴  Steve Johnson⁴  Cindy Orser⁴  Aaron Hilyard⁴  Britni Gonzales⁴  Zachary Chester⁵  Davis Allen⁵  Oliver W. Hall⁶  José Carlos Rodriguez Jule⁷  Iain Wilson⁷  Brent J. Guppy⁸  Deron Caplan⁹  Manu Gangola⁹  Jason Broome^1,10  Karan Kapoor^1,11  Surender Khatodia^1,11  Philippe Henry^1,12 

[1] Biology, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada;Biology, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada;Noble Growth Corp, Drayton Valley, AB, Canada;Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;Polar Bear Genome BioPharma, Edmonton, AB, Canada;Labs-Mart Inc., Edmonton, AB, Canada;Digipath Labs Inc., Las Vegas, NV, USA;Island Genetics Ltd., Vancouver, BC, Canada;Noble Growth Corp, Drayton Valley, AB, Canada;Okanagan Gold Cannabis Corp, West Kelowna, BC, Canada;Synthase Genetics Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada;OneLeaf Cannabis Co., Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada;Botanist Organic Growers, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;The Flowr Group (Okanagan) Inc., Kelowna, BC, Canada;The Flowr Group (Okanagan) Inc., Kelowna, BC, Canada;HYTN Beverages, Vancouver, BC, Canada;VSSL Enterprises Ltd., West Kelowna, BC, Canada;VSSL Enterprises Ltd., West Kelowna, BC, Canada;Digipath Labs Inc., Las Vegas, NV, USA;

关键词: Cannabis;    Hemp;    Genetic assay;    Cannabinoids;    Terpenes;    Compliance;    Population structure;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s42238-020-00036-y

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe taxonomic classification of Cannabis genus has been delineated through three main types: sativa (tall and less branched plant with long and narrow leaves), indica (short and highly branched plant with broader leaves) and ruderalis (heirloom type with short stature, less branching and small thick leaves). While still under discussion, particularly whether the genus is polytypic or monotypic, this broad classification reflects putative geographical origins of each group and putative chemotype and pharmacologic effect.MethodsHere we describe a thorough investigation of cannabis accessions using a set of 23 highly informative and polymorphic SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers associated with important traits such as cannabinoid and terpenoid expression as well as fibre and resin production. The assay offers insight into cannabis population structure, phylogenetic relationship, population genetics and correlation to secondary metabolite concentrations. We demonstrate the utility of the assay for rapid, repeatable and cost-efficient genotyping of commercial and industrial cannabis accessions for use in product traceability, breeding programs, regulatory compliance and consumer education.ResultsWe identified 5 clusters in the sample set, including industrial hemp (K5) and resin hemp, which likely underwent a bottleneck to stabilize cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) accumulation (K2, Type II & III). Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) resin (Type I) makes up the other three clusters with terpinolene (K4 - colloquial “sativa” or “Narrow Leaflet Drug” (NLD), myrcene/pinene (K1) and myrcene/limonene/linalool (K3 - colloquial “indica”, “Broad Leaflet Drug” (BLD), which also putatively harbour an active version of the cannabichrometic acid Synthase gene (CBCAS).ConclusionThe final chemical compositions of cannabis products have key traits related to their genetic identities. Our analyses in the context of the NCBI Cannabis sativa Annotation Release 100 allows for hypothesis testing with regards to secondary metabolite production. Genetic markers related to secondary metabolite production will be important in many sectors of the cannabis marketplace. For example, markers related to THC production will be important for adaptable and compliant large-scale seed production under the new US Domestic Hemp Production Program.

【 授权许可】

CC BY