Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alter disease outcomes via endorsement of macrophage polarization

Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Qiang Shu¹  Jiajie Fan¹  Jiangmei Wang¹  Jianguo Xu¹  Ruoqiong Huang¹  Jie Xia¹  Yaoqin Hu¹ 

[1] The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;

关键词: Mesenchymal stromal cells;    Extracellular vesicles;    Macrophage polarization;    M2 macrophages;    Disease outcomes;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s13287-020-01937-8

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stromal cells that reside in virtually all postnatal tissues. Due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory capacities, MSCs have attracted growing attention during the past two decades. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are able to duplicate the effects of their parental cells by transferring functional proteins and genetic materials to recipient cells without cell-to-cell contact. MSC-EVs also target macrophages, which play an essential role in innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSC-EVs reduce M1 polarization and/or promote M2 polarization in a variety of settings. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of macrophage polarization and roles of MSC-EV-induced macrophage polarization in the outcomes of cardiovascular, pulmonary, digestive, renal, and central nervous system diseases. In conclusion, MSC-EVs may become a viable alternative to MSCs for the treatment of diseases in which inflammation and immunity play a critical role.

【 授权许可】

CC BY