Fragile X syndrome: clinical and cytogenetic studies

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

TÊmis Maria FÉlix²  JoÃo Monteiro De Pina-neto¹ 

[1] ,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Serviço de Genética Médica Porto Alegre RS ,Brasil

关键词: fragile X syndrome;    mental retardation;    X-linked mental retardation;    síndrome do X frágil;    deficiência mental;    deficiência mental ligada ao X;   

DOI  :  10.1590/S0004-282X1998000100002

来源: SciELO

【 摘 要 】

Three families with the fragile X syndrome were studied with the aim to establish the most frequent clinical signs in the affected individuals and heterozygous women. The clinical evaluation, IQ level measurements and cytogenetic studies were performed in 40 subjects, 20 males and 20 females. The fragile X diagnosis was confirmed in all the male individuals with mental retardation. In the postpubertal subjects the most frequent clinical signs were inner canthal distance < 3.5 cm, macro-orchidism, long and narrow face and high arched palate while in the prepubertal subjects the behavioral characteristics as hyperactivity and poor eye contact were the most frequent and were observed in all patients. Twenty six percent of the heterozygous women presented with mental retardation and showed clinical signs rather than behavioral ones. All male individuals with mental retardation were observed as having fragile X [fra(X)] in lymphocytes culture. Sixty three percent of women showed fra(X). There was a positive correlation between the frequency of fra(X) and the clinical characteristics. We emphasize the importance of the clinical evaluation in the study of familial mental retardation and in the screening of isolated cases with suspect of having the fragile X syndrome.

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