Identification of the Products of Oxidation of Quercetin by Air Oxygen at Ambient Temperature

Molecules

Igor G. Zenkevich²  Anna Yu. Eshchenko¹  Svetlana V. Makarova¹  Alexander G. Vitenberg³  Yuri G. Dobryakov³ 

[1] Interregional Center “Adaptogen”, Piskarevsky pr., 47/5, St. Petersburg 195067, Russia; E-mails:;St. Petersburg State University, Research Institute of Chemistry, Universitetsky pr., 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia; E-mails:;St. Petersburg State University, Research Institute of Chemistry, Universitetsky pr., 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia; E-mails

关键词: Quercetin;    oxidative decarboxylation;    air oxygen;    mechanism;    products;    identification;   

DOI  :  10.3390/12030654

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Oxidation of quercetin by air oxygen takes place in water and aqueous ethanol solutions under mild conditions, namely in moderately-basic media (pH ~ 8-10) at ambient temperature and in the absence of any radical initiators, without enzymatic catalysis or irradiation of the reaction media by light. The principal reaction products are typical of other oxidative degradation processes of quercetin, namely 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic (protocatechuic) and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic (phloroglucinic) acids, as well as the decarboxylation product of the latter – 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene (phloroglucinol). In accordance with the literature data, this process involves the cleavage of the γ-pyrone fragment (ring C) of the quercetin molecule by oxygen, with primary formation of 4,6-dihydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)benzoic acid (depside). However under such mild conditions the accepted mechanism of this reaction (oxidative decarbonylation with formation of carbon monoxide, CO) should be reconsidered as preferably an oxidative decarboxylation with formation of carbon dioxide, CO₂. Direct head-space analysis of the gaseous components formed during quercetin oxidation in aqueous solution at ambient temperature indicates that the ratio of carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide in the gas phase after acidification of the reaction media is ca. 96:4 %. Oxidation under these mild conditions is typical for other flavonols having OH groups at C³ (e.g., kaempferol), but it is completely suppressed if this hydroxyl group is substituted by a glycoside fragment (as in rutin), or a methyl substituent. An alternative oxidation mechanism involving the direct cleavage of the C²-C³ bond in the diketo-tautomer of quercetin is proposed.

【 授权许可】

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