Therapeutic Vaccines and Antibodies for Treatment of Orthopoxvirus Infections

Viruses

Yuhong Xiao¹ 

[1] ¹Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA ²Infectious Diseases Section, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

关键词: orthopoxvirus;    variola virus;    vaccinia virus;    monkeypox virus;    post-exposure vaccination;    Dryvax;    Lister;    modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA);    vaccinia immune globulin (VIG);    monoclonal antibodies;   

DOI  :  10.3390/v2102381

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Despite the eradication of smallpox several decades ago, variola and monkeypox viruses still have the potential to become significant threats to public health. The current licensed live vaccinia virus-based smallpox vaccine is extremely effective as a prophylactic vaccine to prevent orthopoxvirus infections, but because of safety issues, it is no longer given as a routine vaccine to the general population. In the event of serious human orthopoxvirus infections, it is important to have treatments available for individual patients as well as their close contacts. The smallpox vaccine and vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) were used in the past as therapeutics for patients exposed to smallpox. VIG was also used in patients who were at high risk of developing complications from smallpox vaccination. Thus post-exposure vaccination and VIG treatments may again become important therapeutic modalities. This paper summarizes some of the historic use of the smallpox vaccine and immunoglobulins in the post-exposure setting in humans and reviews in detail the newer animal studies that address the use of therapeutic vaccines and immunoglobulins in orthopoxvirus infections as well as the development of new therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.