Effects of Population Growth and Climate Variability on Sustainable Groundwater in Mali, West Africa

Sustainability

Alexandra Lutz¹  James M. Thomas¹ 

[1] Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno NV 89512, USA; E-Mail:

关键词: groundwater;    sustainability;    climate;    population growth;   

DOI  :  10.3390/su3010021

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Groundwater is increasingly relied on as a source of potable water in developing countries, but factors such as population growth, development, and climate variability, pose potential challenges for ongoing sustainable supply. The effect of these factors on the groundwater system was considered in four scenarios using a numerical model to represent the Bani area of Mali, West Africa. By 2040, population growth, climate variability, and development as urbanization, agriculture, and industry creates scenarios in which groundwater extraction is an increasingly larger percentage of the groundwater system. Consumption from agriculture and industry increases extraction rates from less than 1 to 3.8% of mean annual precipitation, which will likely affect the groundwater system. For instance, concentrated pumping in local areas may result in water level declines. The results of this study contribute to an ongoing evaluation of sustainable groundwater resources in West Africa.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2010 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.