Antiviral Properties of Lactoferrin—A Natural Immunity Molecule

Molecules

Francesca Berlutti¹  Fabrizio Pantanella¹  Tiziana Natalizi¹  Alessandra Frioni¹  Rosalba Paesano¹  Antonella Polimeni¹ 

[1]¹Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy[2] height:6px

[3]"> ²Department of Woman Health and Territorial Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy[4] height:6px

[5]"> ³Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy

关键词: lactoferrin;    virus;    viral infection;   

DOI  :  10.3390/molecules16086992

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Lactoferrin, a multifunctional iron binding glycoprotein, plays an important role in immune regulation and defence mechanisms against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Lactoferrin’s iron withholding ability is related to inhibition of microbial growth as well as to modulation of motility, aggregation and biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria. Independently of iron binding capability, lactoferrin interacts with microbial, viral and cell surfaces thus inhibiting microbial and viral adhesion and entry into host cells. Lactoferrin can be considered not only a primary defense factor against mucosal infections, but also a polyvalent regulator which interacts in viral infectious processes. Its antiviral activity, demonstrated against both enveloped and naked viruses, lies in the early phase of infection, thus preventing entry of virus in the host cell. This activity is exerted by binding to heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycan cell receptors, or viral particles or both. Despite the antiviral effect of lactoferrin, widely demonstrated in vitro studies, few clinical trials have been carried out and the related mechanism of action is still under debate. The nuclear localization of lactoferrin in different epithelial human cells suggests that lactoferrin exerts its antiviral effect not only in the early phase of surface interaction virus-cell, but also intracellularly. The capability of lactoferrin to exert a potent antiviral activity, through its binding to host cells and/or viral particles, and its nuclear localization strengthens the idea that lactoferrin is an important brick in the mucosal wall, effective against viral attacks and it could be usefully applied as novel strategy for treatment of viral infections.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.