Roles of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, PGC-1α and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Cerebral Ischemia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Shang-Der Chen¹  Ding-I Yang³  Tsu-Kung Lin¹  Fu-Zen Shaw²  Chia-Wei Liou¹ 

[1] Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; E-Mail:;Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mail:

关键词: ischemia;    oxidative stress;    apoptosis;    peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α;    antioxidant enzyme;    mitochondrial biogenesis;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms12107199

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

The primary physiological function of mitochondria is to generate adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts generated from mitochondria have been implicated in acute brain injuries such as stroke from cerebral ischemia. It was well-documented that mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway involves pro- and anti-apoptotic protein binding, release of cytochrome c, leading ultimately to neuronal death. On the other hand, mitochondria also play a role to counteract the detrimental effects elicited by excessive oxidative stress. Recent studies have revealed that oxidative stress and the redox state of ischemic neurons are also implicated in the signaling pathway that involves peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) co-activator 1α (PGC1-α). PGC1-α is a master regulator of ROS scavenging enzymes including manganese superoxide dismutase 2 and the uncoupling protein 2, both are mitochondrial proteins, and may contribute to neuronal survival. PGC1-α is also involved in mitochondrial biogenesis that is vital for cell survival. Experimental evidence supports the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress as determinants of neuronal death as well as endogenous protective mechanisms after stroke. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral ischemia involving ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, mitochondrial proteins capable of ROS scavenging, and mitochondrial biogenesis.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.