Chemopreventive Activity of Vitamin E in Breast Cancer: A Focus on γ- and δ-Tocopherol

Nutrients

Amanda K. Smolarek¹ 

[1] Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;

关键词: vitamin E;    tocopherols;    breast cancer;    estrogen receptor (ER);    peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ);    nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2);    anti-inflammatory;    cell proliferation;    apoptosis;    case-control studies;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu3110962

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Vitamin E consists of eight different variants: α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (saturated phytyl tail) and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienols (unsaturated phytyl tail). Cancer prevention studies with vitamin E have primarily utilized the variant α-tocopherol. To no avail, a majority of these studies focused on variant α-tocopherol with inconsistent results. However, γ-tocopherol, and more recently δ-tocopherol, have shown greater ability to reduce inflammation, cell proliferation, and tumor burden. Recent results have shown that γ-enriched mixed tocopherols inhibit the development of mammary hyperplasia and tumorigenesis in animal models. In this review, we discuss the possible differences between the variant forms, molecular targets, and cancer-preventive effects of tocopherols. We recommend that a γ-enriched mixture, γ- and δ-tocopherol, but not α-tocopherol, are promising agents for breast cancer prevention and warrant further investigation.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.