Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins

Toxins

Rex Munday¹  Michael A. Quilliam²  Patricia LeBlanc²  Nancy Lewis²  Pamela Gallant²  Sandra A. Sperker²  H. Stephen Ewart² 

[1] AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag, Hamilton 3123, New Zealand;National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, 1411 Oxford Street Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1, Canada;

关键词: spirolides;    marine phycotoxin;    acute toxicity;    Alexandrium ostenfeldii;    seafood poisoning;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins4010001

来源: mdpi

【 摘 要 】

Spirolides are marine phycotoxins produced by the dinoflagellates Alexandrium ostenfeldii and A. peruvianum. Here we report that 13-desmethyl spirolide C shows little cytotoxicity when incubated with various cultured mammalian cell lines. When administered to mice by intraperitoneal (ip) injection, however, this substance was highly toxic, with an LD₅₀ value of 6.9 µg/kg body weight (BW), showing that such in vitro cytotoxicity tests are not appropriate for predicting the in vivo toxicity of this toxin. Four other spirolides, A, B, C, and 20-methyl spirolide G, were also toxic to mice by ip injection, with LD₅₀ values of 37, 99, 8.0 and 8.0 µg/kg BW respectively. However, the acute toxicities of these compounds were lower by at least an order of magnitude when administration by gavage and their toxic effects were further diminished when administered with food. These results have implications for future studies of the toxicology of these marine toxins and the risk assessment of human exposure.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.